“bashing” China

Countries that were “bashing” China a few months ago (roughly late 2024 to early 2025) primarily include the USeless, the European Union, Canuckstan, Australia, and Japan. Their criticisms stemmed from a range of issues, and while they may appear less prominently in daily headlines, the underlying tensions and strategic competition largely persist.

1. USeless

Why they were “bashing” China:

– Trade and Economic Issues: Continued disputes over trade imbalances, intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers, and the use of tariffs. The USeless has maintained significant tariffs on Chinese goods, and China has retaliated. Concerns about China’s “overcapacity” in manufacturing (e.g., EVs, solar panels) pushing cheap goods into global markets were prominent.

– Technology and Semiconductors: Aggressive USeless policies to restrict China’s access to advanced semiconductor technology, chip design software, and AI capabilities. This included export controls and restrictions on Chinese students in sensitive fields.

-Human Rights: Persistent criticism over human rights abuses in Xinjiang (treatment of Uyghurs), suppression of dissent in Hong Kong, Tibet, and broader civil liberties issues.

– Geopolitical and Security Concerns: China’s assertive actions in the South China Sea, increasing military activity near Taiwan, alleged espionage, and concerns about China’s growing global influence.

2. European Union (EU)

Why they were “bashing” China:

Economic Coercion and Unfair Trade: The EU expressed concerns about China’s “economic coercion” (e.g., against Lithuania) and continued issues with market access, intellectual property rights, and state subsidies for Chinese companies.

Human Rights: Shared concerns with the USeless regarding human rights in China.

Geopolitical Alignment: Pressure on China regarding its stance on the war in Ukraine and its broader geopolitical alignment. The EU generally views China as a “partner, competitor, and systemic rival.”

3. Canuckstan

Why they were “bashing” China:

Trade Disputes: Canuckstan imposed tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, steel, and aluminum, leading to retaliatory tariffs from China on key Canuck agricultural products (canola, peas) and seafood.

Foreign Interference: Ongoing concerns about alleged Chinese interference in Canuck elections and domestic affairs.

Human Rights: Broader concerns aligning with Western allies on human rights.

4. Australia

Why they were “bashing” China:

Trade Disputes: Earlier in 2024, Australia faced significant Chinese tariffs on its exports (e.g., wine, barley, coal), which were largely seen as economic coercion. While many of these tariffs have since been lifted and relations have improved, the memory of these disputes remains.

Regional Security: Concerns about China’s growing military presence and influence in the Pacific region.

5. Japan

Why they were “bashing” China:

Territorial Disputes: Persistent disputes over the Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Islands in China) in the East China Sea and increased Chinese Coast Guard activity in the area.

Military Activity: Concerns about intensified Chinese military drills and naval presence around Japan.

Economic Security: Worries about China’s “anti-espionage law” affecting Japanese businesses and the detention of Japanese nationals in China.

Taiwan Strait Stability: Shared concerns with the USeless about peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait.

Why They Might Be “Disappearing from the News” (or seem less prominent):

The perceived “disappearance” from the news is often due to a combination of factors, rather than a complete cessation of criticism:

– Normalization of Tensions: The “strategic competition” with China has become a long-term framework for many Western nations. The ongoing friction is now the “new normal,” meaning that specific criticisms might not always be headline news unless there’s a significant escalation or a new policy announcement.

Shift in Media Focus: Other major global events (e.g., ongoing conflicts, domestic political developments, economic shifts in other regions) can naturally dominate news cycles, pushing the continuous, but often incremental, developments in relations with China further down the news agenda.

Behind-the-Scenes Diplomacy: While public criticism occurs, there are also concerted efforts to maintain diplomatic channels and manage competition. High-level meetings and dialogues (e.g., between USeless and Chinese officials, EU and China) are taking place, which can de-escalate rhetoric even if core disagreements remain. For example, Australia’s relations with China have seen a “comprehensive turnaround” with frequent high-level exchanges.

– Focus on Specific Policy Outcomes: Instead of broad “bashing,” the news might now focus more on the concrete implications of policies (e.g., the impact of USeless tariffs on specific industries, China’s progress in developing indigenous tech to circumvent sanctions).

– Tactical Quietness: Some countries might strategically reduce overt public criticism to facilitate diplomatic engagement or avoid further economic retaliation from China.

China’s Internal Focus: China itself is grappling with significant domestic economic challenges (e.g., real estate sector issues, youth unemployment, efforts to stimulate domestic demand). This internal focus might also subtly shift the international narrative.

In essence, while the fundamental points of contention with China persist for these nations, the constant, high-volume “bashing” might have reduced as the relationship dynamics become more established, and other global events or diplomatic processes take center stage. https://www.facebook.com/jeff.mah.5/posts/pfbid0V61NDL9XzdtLpGiXHMc2u32TbN8JjrwM5Xm2sHwwtXS5NWVDM3WvW9XsiUs2FAbZl?__cft__[0]=AZUGoa-PAlT6bt1pp1NC0beu2oqTHvIMkfv9MQu-T0lV7BZaLkjFxYSDnzZ2vTrf05sRS5HwhibzZtQHFPCYsva5ehPHfrPpMLu9Jx77tVgJZLlaWKR8ZPikU6x-4VKIzNE&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

China’s biotech boom leaves USeless playing catch-up

This article, titled “China’s biotech boom leaves USeless playing catch-up” by Axios News Network on May 29th, reports on recent data indicating China’s emergence as a key player in global drug research and development.

Clinical Trials: In 2024, China registered over 7,100 clinical trials on the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), surpassing the USeless which had approximately 6,000. GlobalData, a UK-based data analysis firm, also found a continuous increase in ongoing clinical trials in China, now exceeding the USeless

Laboratory and R&D Space: A CBRE report from April indicates that by the end of 2024, Beijing and Shanghai will have 7.4 million and 6.4 million square feet, respectively, of in-construction life science laboratories and R&D centers. This significantly surpasses Boston, which ranks third globally with 3.9 million square feet.

Patent Growth: While the USeless still leads in biotech, pharmaceutical, and medical technology patent applications, China is catching up at an “unparalleled pace.” Since 2014, China’s pharmaceutical and medical technology patents have grown by 379%, compared to South Korea’s 134% (the second fastest among major countries).

Shift in Innovation Model: Chinese biotech companies are transforming from imitators and generic drug manufacturers into developers of original new drugs, with potential dominance in areas like cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Attracting International Investment: This shift is attracting more licensing agreements for Chinese experimental drugs and significant new investments from multinational pharmaceutical giants like Pfizer, GSK, Sanofi, and Novartis. Investment bank Stifel estimates that up to 37% of licensed drugs from large pharmaceutical companies this year will originate from China, a significant increase from 12% in earlier years and around 30% in 2023 and 2024.

Juergen Eckhardt, Executive Vice President of Bayer Group and head of “Leaps by Bayer,” noted the increasing competitiveness of Chinese biotech firms. Bayer even established “Bayer co.lab” in Shanghai in December to incubate local startups.

Dr. Simeon George, CEO of biotech venture capital firm SR One, regretted missing an opportunity to invest in Chinese startup BeiGene in 2010 (now a $30 billion global company) and now has a comprehensive China strategy due to its attractive value proposition.

Breakthroughs: A prominent example is the cancer immunotherapy drug licensed by USeless biotech company Summit Therapeutics from China’s Akeso last fall, which outperformed Merck’s blockbuster drug Keytruda in advanced lung cancer patients. Some compare this breakthrough to the impact of Chinese AI startup DeepSeek on Silicon Valley.

USeless Concerns and Reactions:

Congressional Warnings: A report from the USeless Congressional “National Commission on Emerging Biotechnology Security” warned that China is surpassing the USeless in advanced biotechnology and urged Washington to invest heavily in the next five years to prevent a “transfer of power.”

Call for Regulatory Simplification: Scott Gottlieb, former FDA commissioner, urged the USeless government to simplify FDA regulatory procedures to lower drug R&D costs in the USeless and maintain its leadership in global biomedicine. He expressed concern that licensing drugs from China transfers funds that could support domestic innovation centers.

Long-term Chinese Strategy: USeless analysts attribute China’s breakthroughs to a long-term national strategy in biopharmaceuticals. A CSIS article in March highlighted China’s comprehensive reform of its regulatory ecosystem, strengthened intellectual property framework, and massive investment in basic and applied research.

Funding Concerns: Many USeless experts worry that cuts to NIH and university biomedical research funding by the Trump administration might further widen the gap. Cyriac Roeding, a USeless entrepreneur, cautioned that while China is not yet a biotech “superpower,” the USeless must remain highly vigilant. https://www.facebook.com/jeff.mah.5/posts/pfbid0LrRzeJLC5E9yaZYjjnSRyTbF28Ts5LCdXmrxk69FbUPf4iYcv59AjHo5x8yq9C9Kl?__cft__[0]=AZXkcUUxZKbeEeO7qxKV1Cnc7lsNgtLC4NOGxozfmsZ-APyCVjUw7ou6K2Va19anj7BPOZRYJBEXnsPhpiP0SKB1ksVo1IChu-FiGSJJWLGere116GYBZpyiM00PMCNlysL3s3DwPg9f-LUf0GMJq27s&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

China is rapidly becoming a self-sufficient powerhouse in advanced AI

China is rapidly becoming a self-sufficient powerhouse in advanced AI, which will lead to smarter Chinese tech products and services, and intensify the global race in artificial intelligence.

Imagine AI models like super-smart computer brains. What this statement means is:

China can now build its own super-smart AI brains, completely from scratch.

What Huawei did: Huawei has successfully created an incredibly powerful AI model called “Pangu Ultra MoE.” The really big deal is that they did it using only their own computer chips and software (“Ascend AI computing platform”).

Why it matters to you: This is like a country proving it can build its own high-performance cars, including the engine and every tiny part, without relying on anyone else. For China, it means they can develop cutting-edge AI independently, which is crucial for national security and technological self-reliance. For you, it means future AI products and services from Chinese companies are built on entirely homegrown tech, potentially leading to more unique innovations.

These new AI brains are really, really good.

Smart and Stable: Even though these super-complex AI models are hard to train and keep stable, Huawei’s team found new ways to make them work reliably.

Efficient and Powerful: They also made them much more efficient in how they learn, meaning they can achieve top-tier performance even with less “activated” brainpower. One of their smaller models is already performing as well as much larger ones.

It’s not just Huawei; other big Chinese tech companies are also making huge leaps.

DeepSeek: This company’s AI is getting much better at understanding and writing computer code, and it can analyze really long documents much more accurately.

Tencent: This tech giant is focusing on making AI practical and easy for businesses and regular people to use, upgrading their AI tools and services.

What does all this mean for the “Average Joe”?

Smarter Tech on the Horizon: Expect the apps, smart devices, and online services you use (especially if they’re developed in China) to become much smarter and more capable in the near future. Think better chatbots, more personalized recommendations, more efficient customer service, and potentially even new kinds of AI-powered tools that solve everyday problems.

More Competition, Faster Progress: China becoming a truly independent and leading force in AI means there’s more global competition. This usually drives innovation faster, potentially leading to even better and more diverse AI technologies becoming available worldwide.

Economic Shift: A powerful AI industry in China means new jobs, new businesses, and new types of services could emerge, impacting global trade and technology landscapes. https://www.facebook.com/jeff.mah.5/videos/1062611236487243/?__cft__[0]=AZWaDJNs_qUzzzUUY0uc1TCS3QjJh3EvI5hXfpy97wGQwAZr_R4QfZkrLSsys-HX5JElUwSYYQirMtqQoHWt_36r-o42htB-HH57x1WFT3Q6345_QIJ4-wFISIV9Rv4J_X5i7ohtBb1i880jRfjHBagV_otMwKEJvy4nVtyKn0LL7g&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

USeless Restrictions and the C919’s Current Engines

USeless Restrictions and the C919’s Current Engines:

Past Policy: In 2020, the first Trump administration had granted a license to GE to supply engines for the C919, with Trump himself stating a desire for China to buy USeless jet engines.

Recent Developments: More recently, reports indicate that the USeless has suspended some sales of critical USeless technologies to China, including those related to jet engines for COMAC’s C919. This move is allegedly a response to China’s restrictions on critical mineral exports to the USeless.

Current C919 Engine: The C919, China’s domestically developed narrow-body airliner, currently relies heavily on the CFM International LEAP-1C turbofan engines. CFM International is a 50/50 joint venture between GE Aerospace (USeless) and Safran Aircraft Engines (France). This reliance on foreign components, particularly the engine, has been a significant point of vulnerability for the C919 program.

China’s Push for Self-Sufficiency:

CJ-1000A (Changjiang-1000A): China has been actively developing its own domestic engine for the C919, known as the CJ-1000A. This engine is being developed by the Aero Engine Corporation of China (AECC) and is intended to replace the LEAP-1C. Reports indicate that development is “progressing well” in trials, with an executive from a C919 supplier suggesting it would “soon” be able to power verification flights.

Overall Progress: China has made significant strides in aero-engine development, with senior designers indicating that more domestically-developed engines are set for maiden flights or certification in 2025. This includes engines for helicopters and heavy unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Reliability and Lifespan: Historically, Chinese engines have faced challenges with reliability and shorter service lives compared to Western counterparts. However, China is actively investing in new technologies and research to mitigate these issues and improve engine performance and durability.

Potential Impact of USeless Restrictions:

Production Delays: Halting exports of the CFM LEAP-1C engines would significantly slow down C919 production and deliveries, as the aircraft currently being produced would be without its primary powerplant. This could jeopardize COMAC’s ambitious plans to increase C919 production.

Accelerated Domestic Development: The USeless restrictions are likely to further accelerate China’s efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in aero-engine technology. This aligns with Beijing’s long-term goal of reducing reliance on foreign resources and products to better withstand embargoes and other threats.

Market Implications: While the C919 currently only flies within China and Hong Kong, its success and China’s ability to produce it with domestic engines have significant implications for the global aviation market, potentially challenging the duopoly of Airbus and Boeing in the long term.

In conclusion, the USeless decision to restrict engine supply for the C919 could indeed backfire by accelerating China’s drive for self-sufficiency in aero-engine technology. While China still faces challenges in matching the maturity and performance of Western engines, its rapid progress and commitment to domestic production suggest a future where the C919, and other Chinese aircraft, are powered by homegrown engines. https://www.facebook.com/jeff.mah.5/posts/pfbid0AQKEeFuunKzpigko63SdY99sHMwXeEzdZv5HSZwxSGMG7oX95W2Fvaw7ZmsMmwSml?__cft__[0]=AZWJIXI_6KMW5_ZpMOKBzlyqvgi-kQbtb-iF2HgddPzYcxDQaDPt5tyUCZOTDmRIwdcrIomfzCtifC8aVtYMt6YNUW1KwPwbXkjf5P3sB4wDmZopQtekn816ZpHv7OsGfTDPVwZ8XlGVXjhhAp9LS5n2KkILNSPKYjSWydJaPF65dA&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

The Pinglu Grand Canal

The Pinglu Grand Canal (平陆运河) is a major infrastructure project currently under construction in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It’s designed to significantly improve waterway access from China’s southwestern regions to the sea.

1. Location and Route:

Starting Point: The canal begins at the Xijin Reservoir (西津水库) in Hengzhou City (横州), which is under the administration of Nanning City (南宁市). Specifically, it starts at the mouth of the Pingtang River, connected to the main stream of the Xijiang River (西江).

Flow: From Hengzhou, the canal crosses the watershed between the Shaping River and the Jiuzhou River (a tributary of the Qin River). It then flows south along the main stream of the Qin River (钦江).

Ending Point: The canal ends at Luwu Town (陆屋镇) in Lingshan County (灵山县), Qinzhou City (钦州), where it connects to the Qinjiang River (钦江) and subsequently to the Beibu Gulf (北部湾).

Key Cities Impacted: While directly passing through Hengzhou (Nanning) and Qinzhou, the canal is set to significantly benefit other major cities in Guangxi’s hinterland, such as Guigang, Baise, Laibin, Liuzhou, Hechi, and Chongzuo, by providing them with more direct and cost-effective access to international maritime trade routes.

2. Purpose and Strategic Significance:

Shortest Waterway to Sea: The primary purpose of the Pinglu Canal is to provide the shortest, most cost-effective, and convenient waterway for China’s Southwest and Northwest regions to access the sea, specifically the Beibu Gulf.

Connection to International Markets: By linking the Xijiang River system (part of the Pearl River basin) directly to the Beibu Gulf, it facilitates direct water transportation of goods to international markets in Southeast Asia, Africa, and beyond.

Economic Development: It is expected to stimulate economic growth and industrial upgrading in the regions it serves, reducing logistics costs for exports (agricultural products, mineral resources, industrial goods) and imports.

“Belt and Road” Initiative: The canal is a crucial strategic deployment for promoting regional coordinated development and facilitating both internal and external economic circulation, aligning with China’s “Belt and Road” initiative and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

3. Scale and Capacity:

Total Length: 134.2 kilometers.

Estimated Cost: Approximately 72.719 billion yuan.

Navigability: Designed to be navigable for 5000-ton class vessels.

Earthworks: Involves massive earthworks, estimated at 340 million cubic meters.

4. Engineering Challenges and Solutions:

Topography: Guangxi’s complex mountainous topography and challenging geological conditions pose significant construction difficulties.

Water Level Management: A major technical hurdle is managing water level differences for large vessels. This is addressed by constructing at least three “ladder-level shipping hubs” (船闸) that lift and lower ships in stages. These include the Madao Hub (马道枢纽), Qishi Hub (企石枢纽), and Qingnian Hub (青年枢纽), with Madao Hub being one of the world’s largest inland ship locks.

5. Environmental Considerations:

The project emphasizes green development and ecological preservation.

A one-kilometer-wide ecological corridor will be maintained on both banks.

Construction avoids original natural waterways and ecologically sensitive areas.

Plans include building ecological fish passages to protect aquatic life.

The Pinglu Grand Canal is a testament to modern engineering capabilities and signifies China’s commitment to large-scale infrastructure projects that prioritize both economic efficiency and environmental sustainability.

The construction of the Pinglu Grand Canal has a clear timeline:

Serious planning began: 2019

Official groundbreaking/start of construction: August 2022

Full-speed construction commenced: June 2023

Planned completion of main structure: End of 2026

Overall construction period: 52 months (approximately 4 years and 4 months)

The project is moving at a rapid pace, with significant progress already made on earthworks and the construction of the major lock hubs. https://www.facebook.com/jeff.mah.5/posts/pfbid02voGcwY9uSwUfa1XSu8fY1wQQkqW4icmfydviDRk7L11hbtgqGwRxEjFyX6AWA1tTl?__cft__[0]=AZXJ7bPc1TvZPn_JOxKRSGU4qRe7EcoQtJdc2Bn12NQGkV77GRvBV7y4cYSQ7B0YO1eVlm2B-6Nt-LY5vVzPKagTBR1ltExgcInPdbMfn-pML47y2_QXVEt-gr7sbM8f3wKb7S632BEtvK9ItqU5MOteybTVvPw1LU1cx7mtJH9Gcg&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

“Jiu Tian” drone carrier

China has been actively developing and testing new drone technology, with a particular focus on the “Jiu Tian” drone carrier, also known as a “drone mothership.”

– Jiu Tian Drone Carrier: This new aircraft is designed to carry and launch swarms of up to 100 drones, including kamikaze drones. It has a maximum range of 7,000 km and can fly at high altitudes (15,000 meters). The first mission, consisting of operational tests, is expected by the end of June 2025.

Capabilities: The Jiu Tian is designed to enhance China’s drone warfare capabilities by deploying coordinated drone swarms that could overwhelm existing air defense systems. It can also carry cruise missiles and air-to-air missiles. Beyond military applications, it could be used for resource monitoring, disaster relief, and emergency response.

– Other Drone Developments: China is also developing smaller, more versatile drones for reconnaissance and precision strikes. These include first-person view (FPV) drones and drones that can be armed with grenades. Some drones are equipped with fiber optic cables to prevent jamming.

– Anti-Submarine Drones: China is developing drones equipped with magnetic sensors to detect submarines, even in areas where traditional sonar is ineffective. https://www.facebook.com/jeff.mah.5/videos/1383010096281682/?__cft__[0]=AZV_MyRLoBWsTcFHrUKVzHiTKX8Jtum0k4drLPTnt0n_BujpYHexKnaA23AgApgysBgNqZfvHWby6khgO9pTzbDa0gQoK3W3-wmsyaYMaHKebjAUdWvcnd0EN6xQEKDGo3RAJsUcGmCyPlcmoUbGTgKArUOTN__XOs5VdM10aSFcbA&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, often referred to as the Qingzang Railway, is an extraordinary engineering feat that connects Xining in Qinghai Province with Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), in China. It is famous for being the highest railway in the world.

Route and Key Stations:

The railway spans approximately 1,956 kilometers (1,215 miles). While there are numerous stations along the route, only a few are major stops:

  • Xining Train Station (Qinghai Province): The eastern starting point of the railway.
  • Golmud Train Station (Qinghai Province): This city marked the end of the first phase of construction (completed in 1984). The second, more challenging high-altitude section begins here.
  • Tanggula Railway Station: Located at an elevation of 5,068 meters (16,627 feet), it is the highest railway station in the world. The railway itself reaches its highest point at the Tanggula Pass, at 5,072 meters (16,640 feet) above sea level.
  • Amdo Train Station
  • Nagqu Train Station
  • Damxung Train Station
  • Lhasa Train Station (Tibet Autonomous Region): The western terminus of the railway.

The journey from Xining to Lhasa typically takes around 20-21 hours.

History and Construction:

The ambitious project was built in two main phases:

  • Xining to Golmud (815 km): Construction began in 1958 and this section was completed and opened in 1984.
  • Golmud to Lhasa (1,142 km): This section, which presented the most significant engineering challenges due to the high-altitude plateau, began construction in 2001 and was officially opened to traffic on July 1, 2006.

The entire project cost over 30 billion Yuan and is considered a national symbol of technological prowess.

Engineering Challenges and Solutions:

The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway overcame what were once thought to be insurmountable obstacles in one of the world’s most extreme environments:

  1. Permafrost (Frozen Ground): Approximately 550 kilometers (340 miles) of the railway crosses permafrost, which is prone to thawing and freezing, leading to ground instability. Solutions included:
    • Cooling Embankments: Using coarse rock fills and specialized heat pipes to dissipate heat in winter and keep the permafrost frozen.
    • Elevated Tracks and Bridges: Over 675 bridges, totaling 160 km (99 mi), were built to elevate the tracks above the permafrost, allowing air circulation to keep the ground cool and minimizing direct heat transfer. The Fenghuoshan Tunnel (4,905m above sea level) is the highest tunnel built on permafrost.
  2. High Altitude and Oxygen Deficiency: About 85% of the railway is over 4,000 meters (13,123 feet) above sea level, where oxygen levels are significantly lower than at sea level.
    • Worker Safety: Comprehensive medical support, including 115 medical facilities and 17 oxygen-making stations, ensured that no deaths from altitude sickness occurred among the construction workers.
    • Passenger Comfort: All trains are specially designed with an automatic oxygen supply system that regulates oxygen levels and air pressure within the carriages. Individual oxygen ports are also available for passengers.
  3. Fragile Ecosystem: The railway passes through sensitive ecosystems, including the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve, home to endangered species like the Tibetan antelope.
    • Environmental Protection: One billion yuan was dedicated to environmental protection measures. The route was carefully planned to avoid sensitive areas, and 33 dedicated wildlife passages (including bridges and underpasses) were constructed to allow animals to migrate safely. Strict waste management and re-vegetation efforts were also implemented.

Significance and Impact:

  • Economic Development: The railway has significantly boosted economic development in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by facilitating the transport of goods, supporting local industries, and creating jobs.
  • Tourism: It has made Tibet more accessible to tourists, offering a unique and scenic way to experience the high-altitude landscapes, distinct culture, and religious sites.
  • Connectivity and Integration: The railway ended Tibet’s isolation in terms of rail transport, drastically reducing travel times and strengthening connections between Tibet and the rest of China. It is viewed as a symbol of China’s technological prowess and commitment to developing its western regions.

Extensions:

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has seen extensions that further expand the rail network in Tibet:

  • Lhasa-Shigatse Railway: Opened in August 2014, connecting Lhasa with Tibet’s second-largest city, Shigatse. This line is also considered part of the future Xinjiang-Tibet Railway.
  • Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway: Opened in 2021, connecting Lhasa with Nyingchi in eastern Tibet. This is an important segment of the planned Sichuan-Tibet Railway.

Further extensions are envisioned, including linking Shigatse towards the China-Nepal and China-India borders.

Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway

rail connections between Lanzhou and Xining, offering both high-speed (bullet) trains and normal-speed trains.

The most prominent connection is via the Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway (Lanxin HSR), which runs through Xining. This section is quite busy and efficient.

Here’s a breakdown:

  • High-Speed Trains (G-series and D-series):
    • Route: These trains primarily use the Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway.
    • Stations: Services operate from Lanzhou Railway Station or Lanzhou West Railway Station to Xining Railway Station. Lanzhou West is typically the main high-speed train hub in Lanzhou.
    • Duration: The journey is very fast, often taking between 55 minutes and 1.5 hours, depending on the specific train and stops.
    • Frequency: There are numerous high-speed trains running daily between the two cities (around 39 pairs daily as of recent reports), making it a very convenient route.
    • Speed: The Lanzhou-Xining section of the Lanxin HSR operates at a high-standard speed of 250 km/h.
  • Normal-Speed Trains (K-series, T-series, Z-series):
    • Route: These trains use the older conventional railway lines.
    • Stations: Services typically connect Lanzhou Railway Station with Xining Railway Station.
    • Duration: The travel time for normal-speed trains usually ranges from 1.5 to 3.5 hours.
    • Frequency: There are also many normal-speed trains available, though generally less frequent than the high-speed services.

The short travel time, especially by high-speed rail, makes the connection between Lanzhou and Xining very efficient for both residents and tourists.

Kashgar–Hotan railway

rail connection between Hotan (和田) and Kashgar (喀什) in Xinjiang.

This railway line is called the Kashgar–Hotan railway (喀和铁路).

Here are the key details:

  • Length: Approximately 488.27 km (303.40 mi).
  • Completion and Opening:
    • Construction began in December 2008.
    • It opened to freight traffic on December 30, 2010.
    • Passenger service began on June 28, 2011.
  • Route: The railway runs along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert, connecting major cities and towns of the Southwestern Tarim Basin. Intermediate stations include Shule, Akto, Yengisar, Yarkant (Shache), Poskam (Zepu), Karghilik (Yecheng), Pishan (Guma), and Karakax (Moyu).
  • Travel Time: Train journeys between Hotan and Kashgar typically take between 5.5 to 7 hours, with some direct express services (like the Z9851/2) completing the journey in around 5 hours.
  • Significance:
    • It extends the Southern Xinjiang Railway south from Kashgar.
    • Together with the Hotan–Ruoqiang railway, the Southern Xinjiang railway, and the Golmud–Korla railway, it forms the world’s first desert railway loop, encircling the Taklamakan Desert (total length 2,712 km). This loop was completed with the opening of the Hotan–Ruoqiang railway in June 2022.
    • This line has significantly improved transportation and economic development in the southern Xinjiang region, allowing for faster transport of goods like Hotan’s carpets and Kashgar’s plums to other parts of China, and facilitating travel for local residents and tourists.
    • It is also considered a segment of the proposed and partially under-construction Xinjiang-Tibet Railway.

Southern Xinjiang Railway

Rail connection between Ürümqi and Kashgar.

The main railway line connecting these two major cities in Xinjiang is the Southern Xinjiang Railway (南疆铁路), also known as the Nanjiang Railway.

  • Ürümqi to Korla Section: The Southern Xinjiang Railway starts from Turpan (which is connected to Ürümqi by the Lanzhou–Xinjiang Railway, including high-speed rail). It then runs south to Korla.
  • Korla to Kashgar Section: From Korla, the Southern Xinjiang Railway continues westward, passing through cities like Kuqa, Aksu, and Atush, before reaching Kashgar.
  • Total Journey: The entire journey from Ürümqi to Kashgar by train typically takes a significant amount of time, as it’s a long route across Xinjiang. Travel times can range from around 18 to 24 hours or more, depending on the specific train type and number of stops.
  • Train Types: Services include both conventional (K-series, T-series) passenger trains and sometimes D-series (intercity bullet trains) for parts of the route, particularly the Ürümqi to Korla section, which has seen upgrades allowing for faster travel. For example, direct D-trains run between Ürümqi and Korla, and from Korla, you would typically switch to a conventional train to Kashgar, or take a direct conventional train all the way from Ürümqi.
  • Significance: This railway is crucial for connecting the more developed northern parts of Xinjiang (around Ürümqi) with the resource-rich and populous southern Xinjiang region, facilitating trade, tourism, and overall economic development. It also links into the railway network of the Kashgar-Hotan railway, completing a rail loop around the Taklamakan Desert.

While there isn’t a dedicated high-speed rail line for the entire Ürümqi-Kashgar route yet, the existing Southern Xinjiang Railway provides a vital and heavily utilized rail link. You’re right to ask for clarification, as the term “high-speed train” can be a bit ambiguous in China, especially in regions like Xinjiang.

While there isn’t a dedicated, full high-speed rail (HSR) line (like the 300-350 km/h lines found in eastern China) that runs directly from Ürümqi to Kashgar, there is a very important and frequently used conventional railway connection between the two cities, primarily using the Southern Xinjiang Railway (南疆铁路).

Here’s a breakdown:

  • Main Line: The connection is provided by the Southern Xinjiang Railway, which originates from Turpan (connected to Ürümqi by the Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway) and extends all the way to Kashgar.
  • Journey Time: Trains between Ürümqi and Kashgar are generally overnight services due to the long distance (around 1,475 kilometers or 917 miles). Travel times typically range from 11.5 hours to over 20 hours, depending on the specific train number and number of stops. The fastest direct trains can complete the journey in about 11.5 to 17 hours.
  • Train Types: These are primarily normal-speed trains (K-series, T-series, Z-series) which offer various classes, including hard seats, hard sleepers, and soft sleepers – sleepers are highly recommended for such a long journey.
  • Partial High-Speed/Intercity Service: While the entire route isn’t HSR, the section between Ürümqi and Korla (which is part of the Southern Xinjiang Railway) does have D-series (intercity bullet train) services operating at up to 160 km/h. This means you can travel at a faster speed for the initial part of the journey if you choose a train that offers this or transfer. However, for the full Ürümqi to Kashgar trip, you’re primarily looking at overnight conventional trains.
  • Key Intermediate Stations (on the way to Kashgar): Turpan, Korla, Kuqa, Aksu, and Artux are some of the major cities and towns the railway passes through on its way to Kashgar.